Giovanni’s Room: Stepping in to Come Out

GR paintingIn a quiet neighborhood in Center City, Philadelphia, there is a small bookstore tucked into the buildings on South 12th Street called Giovanni’s Room. Walking past, you may quickly notice that this is a specialty bookshop that sells gay and lesbian literature. Not only do the rainbow flags and bold window displays tip off any passerby, but a peek inside the store would make it clear that Giovanni’s Room isn’t just a regular bookstore. However, what might not be noticeable to the eye is the business’s amazing legacy as an important place in the LGBTQ community since its opening in 1973. It has been a meeting place, a refuge, a resource center, a home, and so much more for this community.

The birth and growth of this bookstore has paralleled the Gay Rights Movement that spread across the nation starting in the 1960s. The neighborhood surrounding Giovanni’s Room has been a home for the queer community since at least the beginning of the 20th century (Nickels). During the tumultuous fight for equality, Giovanni’s Room provided a much needed refuge and resource center for the LGBTQ community. But on September 5, 2013, owner Ed Hermance announced that unless he finds someone to buy the store, it will close in January of 2014. This isn’t unusual, as brick-and-mortar stores across the country close in the face of Internet giants. Could it be that Giovanni’s Room grew out of a certain time and place for a certain community? Could it be possible that this bookstore has fulfilled its purpose, despite the major role it has played in the neighborhood?

The timeline below highlights the Gay Rights Movement and the role that Giovanni’s Room played in it:

It was into an atmosphere of secrecy and intermittent violence that Giovanni’s Room entered the scene in 1973.  Tom Wilson Weinberg, Dan Sherbo, and Bernie Boyle took advantage of the political awareness resulting from the Stonewall riots to open the second gay and lesbian bookshop in the country.  It was a labor of love, not money.  When it opened, Giovanni’s Room carried less than 100 books in stock.  Each month the owners drove to New York to meet up with the owner of the other gay and lesbian bookstore, then drove the books back to Philadelphia.

By establishing an openly gay-lesbian bookstore on South Street, a major thoroughfare, the founders made a statement for gay rights that was an essential part of the store’s identity. Current owner Ed Hermance explained that the three founders “wanted to be on a major street, and they wanted a storefront with a plate glass window” (Flynn 36). The founders stepped forward to be leaders in the Gay Rights Movement in Philadelphia; they made their sexuality public and weren’t afraid to be in the spotlight. Through the decades this bookstore hasn’t shied from taking on a political role, simply by being a gay and lesbian bookstore during a time of drastic shifts in attitudes about LGBTQ rights.

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When Ed Hermance bought the store in 1976, he chose to stay in the spotlight. He has accepted his responsibility as a bookseller to influence public opinion, even acting as the mayor’s liaison to his community (Schechner). With this he fulfills the idea of a powerful bookseller promoted in Archibald MacLeish‘s A Free Man’s Books. Books have political importance, which is why MacLeish stresses the importance of a knowledgeable seller to disseminate information. He puts the onus on the bookseller in particular to know “his books and his customers” in order to be persuasive (MacLeish 14).  The original founders, and Hermance, understood the unique literary needs of the LBGTQ community, giving them political power to fight for equality.

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After it changed hands, Giovanni’s Room moved to a new location on Spruce Street. Unfortunately, a new, homophobic landlord would “just stand in the hallway and yell at us” says Hermance. He talks of the early history of Giovanni’s Room as one of ridicule and abuse, with people yelling “faggot” and “queer” and throwing bricks through the windows (Schechner, Flynn). It was time to test the dedication of the community, and they met the challenge, proving that Giovanni’s Room was something they wanted in the neighborhood. Hermance borrowed enough money from customers to buy his own building at 345 South 12th Street, where they remain today.  More than 100 volunteers came to help renovate the run-down structure.  They would aid the bookstore again through fundraisers and donations in 2009 for building repairs costing around $50,000.

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In the 1980s, Giovanni’s Room provided a much-needed gathering place and resource center when the AIDS epidemic traumatized the gay community and the Gay Rights Movement gained momentum. The bookstore was a meeting place for people who wanted to contribute to the Movement, and offered some of the only local AIDS health information. As time went on, Giovanni’s Room continued to find itself at the heart of LGBTQ pride celebrations that would become some of the biggest in the nation, like OutFest and PrideDay. The bookstore was officially recognized in 2011 by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, but the community has long known the value of Giovanni’s Room.

 

Today, Giovanni’s Room is located on the edge of the Gayborhood, a neighborhood officially recognized by the city of Philadelphia in 2007 as an important historical site and tourist destination. But, if you’ve been to Philly, you’ll recognize that many of the surrounding buildings in this neighborhood are residential – this is a place where people live, not just visit.

Interspersed among the residential buildings are numerous small businesses and restaurants. There are no chain stores located within the few blocks around the bookstore. Many of the local businesses actively engage with the neighborhood by supporting local artists and hosting community events.  In this area, there are restaurants that range from Greek to Egyptian, a traditional barber shop, a hookah bar, an international accessory boutique, a thriving bar scene, and a historical theater venue. Giovanni’s Room is a product of its community; its cultural function wouldn’t be the same outside of this specific location. The bookstore was able to achieve a sense of belonging in its neighborhood organically and authentically.

For a closer look at the specific businesses in this area, please refer to the following map of the neighborhood:


View Giovanni’s Room – Present Neighborhood in a larger map

While the bookstore prides itself on serving the needs of the community around it, it has also run into the politics of bookselling– fighting against the world of online consumers and super-store customers. Its website emphasizes the specialized service only Giovanni’s Room staff can provide: “Our principal strength is our experience. Our store was founded in 1973, and our staff has a combined experience of over one hundred years working in our specialties. No other online bookseller comes even a little bit close.” With its personal touch, Giovanni’s Room critiques the standardized book chain. Large chains and book superstores are associated with bigness, impersonality, uniformity, and the obliteration of unique communities. Independent bookstores strive to offer a shopping experience that is interesting and stimulating, providing a sense of place that isn’t the same experience as shopping in any other type of store (Miller 110). Giovanni’s Room is that place.

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The store has long been a resource center, and goes even further than that – the store’s website boasts that many lovers have met at Giovanni’s Room. In this way, the store fits the qualities of a “meaningful place,” in that “subjective and emotional attachment” is incredibly strong here (7). Although Giovanni’s Room has become a tourist attraction, its relationship with community’s culture provides a strong connection between bookstore and book-buyer. The bookstore is more than just a warehouse for books; it is a home – a physical place where people can just be. Giovanni’s Room transcends the rational concept of “space” and can be viewed as a “place within which people conduct their lives as individuals” (Cresswell 7).

 

Giovanni’s Room is undeniably part of the Gayborhood. The image it projects onto South 12th Street is one of pride – large windows and waving rainbow flags proclaim its identity as a gay and lesbian business. Upon entering the bookstore, this theme continues.

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You are immediately greeted by safety and informational pamphlets, current magazines, community newspapers, and free condoms. Because these objects greet customers right away, there is no chance that they will feel ashamed about sex and sexuality within this space. Openness and acceptance continues to be expressed through objects as one walks further into the store – it’s not only the employees at Giovanni’s Room that make the customers feel welcome and accepted in this space, it’s the items for sale, too.

It might seem odd that so many non-book items are offered at this bookstore. But for the customers of Giovanni’s Room, these items are probably just as important as the books themselves. The free health information, rainbow paraphernalia, and even the lube displayed around Giovanni’s Room have become “things” in the way Bruno Latour describes them.  He says, “a thing is, in one sense, an object out there and, in another sense, an issue very much in there…the same word thing designates matters of fact and matters of concern” (2288).  On the surface, the fliers and trinkets are just objects – pieces of paper tacked to some cork and things to put on your key chain.

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They are at first just a matter of facts, but on closer inspection these “things” are matters of concern.  They represent a neighborhood of people who have bonded together and come forward to support each other around issues for the LGBTQ community.  It is an issue that gay and lesbian teenagers are afraid to come out to their parents for fear of rejection. It is an issue that many gay and lesbian people, afraid of social consequences, don’t seek needed health care.  Providing solutions, the back upper room has not just books about health and sexuality, but also real-life Philadelphia information on dealing with issues relevant to the community. At Giovanni’s Room, it isn’t only the books that hold importance and value for the customers; all of the things inside the bookstore help to accomplish the goal of providing resources and literature.

A close look at the layout of Giovanni’s Room speaks volumes about the meaning behind the objects within the store. Please use the floor plans below to explore the physical layout of Giovanni’s Room.  Hovering your mouse above the icons will reveal photos and text.

Here is the first floor:

And here is the second floor:

Immediately inside the bookshop, you see a variety of gay and lesbian literature as well as LGBTQ resources and community information. Popular magazines like Bitch, Out, Attitude, Diva, Ms., Curve, Bust and many more are some of the first titles a customer sees upon entering the bookstore. Full of pop culture, travel, and fashion information, these publications are flamboyant but casual.

Thanks to Google Maps, you can “walk” into Giovanni’s Room and explore it for yourself:

View Larger Map

Progressing forward from the front entrance brings you into a room stocked with lesbian and feminist titles, including things like feminist science fiction and fantasy, lesbian fiction, and feminist criticism. Walk through the door to the left and another room is revealed, containing men’s erotica and magazines with adult content. The fact that this room is separated from the main entrance lends a certain privacy to browsers. They can enjoy the fun, friendly entrance, and then proceed on to peruse the shelves of more private matters in peace, but not in hiding.

Unlike most bookstores, erotica isn’t something that needs to be hidden at Giovanni’s Room.  It stands just like any other section of any other bookstore.  There is neither guilt nor boasting, just a simple statement of merchandise.  Giovanni’s Room chooses to ignore the usual placement of pornography and instead gives these objects a firm sense of value. James Clifford says that collections “embody hierarchies of value” (218). The collection of reading material at Giovanni’s Room naturally places sex and sexuality at the top of its hierarchy of value. Erotica is treated the same as the crime novels it is placed next to.

On the second floor, the main room is very open and comfortable. The largest, most central bookcase on the left wall, facing the fireplace and reading area is stocked with books on the history of sexuality. This case begins with books about coming out, then progresses downwardly to books about politics and society.

Screen shot 2013-12-04 at 12.57.13 AMThe sequence of books in this case mirrors the trajectory of someone who is newly out, first providing him comfort through books about the process of coming out, then what that means in today’s society. This area further proves that sex isn’t something that has to be hushed up, because there is a section that boldly includes books on religion right next to a section with S&M titles. Just like the erotica section, S&M literature isn’t put behind closed doors, it’s just another section that deserves a place on one of Giovanni’s Room’s many shelves.

 

Giovanni’s Room presents a very specific conception of literature. As a specialty bookstore, it focuses on providing its customers with LGBTQ literature, but what does this really mean? Looking at the shelves, you see a broad range of genres, categories, authors, and other types of media, as well as a great many non-book objects. Next to books about history you might find a tower of erotic cards, and amidst all of the rainbow decorations at the entrance are lube and condoms. Having these kinds of items mixed in with the books makes a statement: this store has nothing to hide. Their pride shines through not only the literature they sell, but also the eclectic collection of non-book items related to an LGBTQ experience.

The literature also has an important function for members of the LGBTQ community on a more personal level. Literature in this store is seen as a guiding light for finding one’s identity. There are books to help someone through discovering their sexuality, expressing their sexuality, and ultimately becoming comfortable with who they are in a hetero-normative culture. Not only are there many resources, but also rooms full of imaginative literature that contain images of gay pride. Without being able to read lesbian romances, lesbian women would never see characters who are in romantic relationships similar to their own; without biographies written by gay men, other gay men would never have the chance to hear encouraging stories about struggles they are going through. These types of books, along with factual resource items provide a multitude of ways for LGBTQ people to find support, information, and affirmation of their identity. Giovanni’s Room functions simultaneously at a sociopolitical level by making a statement about LGBTQ rights, as well as at a comforting, personal level.

 

As influential as this bookstore has been to Philly’s Gayborhood, Giovanni’s Room is currently facing the reality of possible closure in a few months. Considering the huge role the bookstore has played in supporting the Gay Rights Movement and members of the LGBTQ community, it might seem surprising that the bookstore’s survival is in peril. Hermance suggests that online booksellers and big-box stores are fierce competition in selling LGBTQ literature at low prices.

But perhaps there has been progress for equality in society. Perhaps this safe haven for the LGBTQ community is slowly becoming less necessary to the fight. The situation begs the question of whether or not Giovanni’s Room is still needed to serve its original purposes of a refuge, a resource center, and a space that shamelessly asserts gay pride. Could this age of online bookselling combined with improving attitudes about the LGBTQ community spell the end of a beloved bookshop? Hermance seems to be optimistic that he will find a buyer and that the bookshop will live on, but whatever happens it will always have its place in the history of the Gay Rights Movement.

Sources 

Map and Street Views embedded from Google

Links 

Center for Disease Control, “HIV and AIDS -United States, 1981-2000.” <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a2.htm>

Giovanni’s Room, “Giovanni’s Room: An Introduction.” <http://www.giovannisroom.com/newsletter>

The Leadership Conference, “Stonewall Riots: The Beginning of the LGBT Movement.” <http://www.civilrights.org/archives/2009/06/449-stonewall.html>

Publishers Weekly, “Country’s Oldest LGBT Bookstore Could Close in January.” <http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/bookselling/article/59005-country-s-oldest-lgbt-bookstore-could-close-in-january.html>

VisitPhilly.com, “Philadelphia: Get Your History Straight and Your Nightlife Gay.” <http://www.visitphilly.com/c/gay/>

Wikipedia, “Archibald MacLeish.” <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_MacLeish>

Photos and Images

“Ed Hermance.” <http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-and-culture-everything/item/59384-giovannis-room-owner-puts-groundbreaking-lgbt-bookstore-up-for-sale-in-philly>

“Giovanni’s Room.” Mina Smith-Segal. Watercolor. <http://brewermultimedia.com/PhiladelphiaArt&Artists/william-way-gay-community-center/.

“Historical Marker.” <http://press.visitphilly.com/media/3433>

“Hugging.” <http://articles.philly.com/2013-09-07/news/41836458_1_giovanni-ed-hermance-lgbt>

“Outfest Flag.” <http://www.nbcwashington.com/blogs/worth-the-trip/Outfest-2013-Philadelphia-226181561.html>

“Outside View.” <https://unpackingthebookstore.susqu.edu/wp-content/uploads/gios-room.jpg>

“Reconstruction of Building.” <http://epgn.com/view/full_story/3899905/article-Giovanni-s-Room-kicks-up-fundraising-efforts>

Images in the timeline

American Booksellers Association. “Historical Marker.” <http://www.bookweb.org/files/GiovannisRoom2.jpg>

Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation, “Closed Sign.” <http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs162/1102486612779/archive/1111328797571.html>

Dick Mac (alive!). “Business Owner of the Year -Ed Hermance/Giovanni’s Room.”<http://dickmacalive.blogspot.com/2010/07/business-owner-of-year-ed-hermance.html>

The Gayborhood Guru. “Enter Rusty’s.” <http://thegayborhoodguru.wordpress.com/tag/rusty-parisi/>

Philadelphia Gay News. ”Giovanni’s Room kicks up fundraising efforts.” <http://epgn.com/view/full_story/3899905/article-Giovanni-s-Room-kicks-up-fundraising-efforts>

“Rainbow Flag.” <http://images.wikia.com/rsplayers/images/6/6d/Rainbow_flag_and_blue_skies.jpg>

South Street Headhouse District. “South Street View.” <http://southstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Screen-Shot-2012-10-24-at-9.17.14-PM2.jpg>

Time Magazine. “AIDS: The Growing Threat.” <http://swisely.wordpress.com/2008/10/13/a-modern-tragedy-how-aids-became-a-pandemic/>

uwishunu. “Counter at Giovanni’s Room.” <http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/giovannis_room_comp.jpg>

Visit Philly. “Outfest.” <http://press.visitphilly.com/uploads/photos/1039_l.jpg>

Text

Cresswell, Tim. Place: A Short Introduction. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2004. Print.

Clifford, James. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1988. Print.

Flynn, Elisabeth. “Philadelphia Story.” Lambda Book Report 12.1/2 (2003): 36. Academic Search Complete. Web. 20 Oct. 2013.

Latour, Bruno.  “Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam?” The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. 2nd ed. Ed. Vincent B. Leitch.  New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010. 2282-302. Print.

MacLeish, Archibald. A Free Man’s Books: An Address. Mount Vernon, NY: Peter Pauper, 1942. Print.

Miller, Laura J. Reluctant Capitalists: Bookselling and the Culture of Consumption. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.

Nickels, Thom. “Philadelphia Stories.” Gay and Lesbian Review 10.5 (Sept/Oct 2003): 25-28. Print.

Schechner, Karen. “Giovanni’s Room Honored with Historical Marker.”Bookweb.org. American Bookseller’s Association, 20 Oct. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

Welcome Home

The image Giovanni’s Room projects onto South Street and the surrounding areas is one of pride.  Large windows and waving rainbow flags proclaim its identity as a gay and lesbian business.  Walk into the bookstore, and that theme continues.

checkout register

The entrance is at the upper right-hand corner of the ground floor.  Feel free to browse the floor plan however you wish, going upstairs when you have finished with the ground floor.

Giovanni’s Room has ample space for the wide selection of books, music, DVDs, magazines and more that it offers.  But there is no room for shame.  Aisles are wide enough to allow readers to casually stand while they read the back cover of a potential purchase.  Bright lights illuminate every corner of the store while large windows look out onto the busy streets outside.  No hiding, no discomfort.  Giovanni’s Room is a place of welcome, not of embarrassment.

The intention to be welcoming can be seen at once upon entering the shop.  Proud displays of rainbow paraphernalia adorn the walls and the ceiling everywhere you look – flags, kites, stained glass window hangings.  Then you, the casual customer, have two options.  You could walk forward, past the display cases with more of objects proclaiming gay pride, until you come to a large lesbian fiction section.  You might stand and peruse for a few minutes, caught up in the latest Jeanette Winterson

lesbian fiction

novel catching your eye.  Noticing that the store continues into a back room, you decide to leave that section and keep going forward.  Suddenly you are face-to-face with a boldly presented Men’s Erotica section featuring both magazines and books.  A sign on the shelf says, “Browsers must be 18 years or older.”  Slightly shocked at first, you shrug your shoulders and move on to the genre section full of mysteries and science fiction.  Had you taken the second option and turned left after entering the shop, you would have walked through to the back room and seen a large display of greeting cards featuring barely-clothed men in the opposite corner.  Either way, you are sure to see enough to realize the identity of Giovanni’s Room.

Because at Giovanni’s Room, erotica is not something to hide.  It stands in the corner just like any other section of any other bookstore.  There is neither guilt nor bragging, just a simple statement of merchandise.  Particularly noteworthy is the erotica section in comparison to other sections of the bookstore.  Giovanni’s Room is also noted by for its children and youth selections, often helping school districts to find material for their classrooms.  But customers must walk upstairs to find books for a younger audience.  And to get to the stairs, it is nearly impossible to avoid at least a glance at the pornography.  Should the arrangement of Giovanni’s Room’s collection be considered vulgar or at least reckless?  Not unless you choose to make it so.  Clifford Latour gives some insight into this phenomenon in his essay “On Collecting Art and Culture.”

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He notes that the “history of collecting is concerned with what from the material world specific groups and individuals choose to preserve, value, and exchange” (221).  General society has decreed that erotica, particularly homosexual erotica, should be considered obscene.  It is associated with dark, dirty stores on shady streets.  Giovanni’s Room chooses to ignore that characterization and instead gives the magazines and books its own idea of value.  Erotica becomes no more “dirty” than a crime novel.  Latour also says that collections “embody hierarchies of value, exclusions, rule-governed territories of the self” (218).  The collection of reading material at Giovanni’s Room does not subvert pornography in its hierarchy of value.  You can find it with less effort than getting to the children’s section.

Not only does the bookstore exhibit a distinct lack of shame, it is a place of refuge.  As you resume your tour and prepare to ascend to the top floor, your eye catches a bulletin board you hadn’t noticed before.  “Lesbian Interest Wall” it proclaims, fittingly right across from the Lesbian fiction area.  It seems to be a board for anyone to post information about feminist activities or women’s gatherings in general.  After reading some notices, you head up the stairs and notice the large movie posters and DVD collection.  Clearly, Giovanni’s Room does not mind half-dressed figures upstairs any more than downstairs.  You turn and head to the back room and find a large section devoted to health and sexuality concerns.  Next to it is another bulletin, this time for health information.  Posters on the walls announce the importance of getting checked for STDs and AIDS.  Brochures and ads from doctors’ offices complete the board.  After purchasing your wares, you head out the front door, only to spy a wall of community fliers on your way out.  Apparently, this bookstore is very connected to the neighborhood around it.

The bulletin boards around Giovanni’s Room have become “things” in the way Bruno Latour describes them.  He says, “a thing is, in one sense, an object out there and, in another sense, an issue very much in there…the same word thing designates matters of fact and matters of concern” (2288).  On the surface, the gatherings of fliers are just objects, pieces of paper tacked to some cork or hung on a wall.  They are at first just a matter of facts – this group will be meeting on Wednesdays, that restaurant

entrance bulletin board

offers deals to tourists.  But on closer inspection these “things” are issues.  They represent a neighborhood of people who have bonded together and come forward to support each other.  It is an issue that many gays and lesbians, afraid of social consequences, do not seek needed health care.  So a back upper room provides not just books about health and sexuality, but real life Philadelphia information on dealing with that issue.  The fliers around Giovanni’s Room are matters of concern.  Latour adds that for objects to become things, “they have to be gathered first in order to exist later as what stands apart” (2291).  Giovanni’s Room provides a place for the gathering of these objects.  It’s collection includes not just the books, DVDs, and music for sale, but the free giveaway of important information.  They stand out from piles of paper; they are things.

Nervous teenagers, tourists, schoolteachers, longtime members of the gay community.  All find welcome in Giovanni’s Room, where the collection is curated and objects arranged to make you feel at home.

Sources

Text

Clifford, James. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1988.

Latour, Bruno.  “Why Has Critique Run Out of Steam?” The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. 2nd ed. Ed. Vincent B. Leitch.  New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2010. 2282-302. Print.

Images

Images courtesy of Google Maps.

Giovanni’s Room – A Bold and Public Space for the Gay Rights Movement of Philadelphia

Giovanni's Room

For the past forty years, Giovanni’s Room has lived through numerous events in the Gay Rights Movement and has been a source of support and community for those participating in this struggle for equality. Giovanni’s Room has continued to be a bold assertion of gay pride in Center City’s Gayborhood since its opening in 1973, a time when the LGBTQ community was considerably less acceptable in society’s eyes compared to today. Although the struggle for equal rights is still a central issue facing the LGBTQ population, the fact that the State of Pennsylvania officially recognized Giovanni’s Room as a historical landmark in 2011 testifies to the progress society has made in respecting homosexuality and the Gay Rights Movement. This small, independent bookstore has undoubtedly been through difficult years of civil rights struggles, but it has continued to remain a pillar of strength for the LGBTQ community as the movement continues to take a stand against discrimination in marriage rights in the present day.

Although the Gayborhood that surrounds Giovanni’s Room is currently an affluent, quiet, and quaint part of Philadelphia’s Center City, the area was not always so comfortable and respectable. The main center of Philly’s queer community used to be located around 15th Street, Broad Street and Spruce Street until the early 1980’s when it gradually expanded and shifted to the streets on the east side of Broad.

 

 


View Shift in Philly’s LGBTQ Community Location in a larger map

As Thom Nickels states, the history of the queer community around Broad street is essentially, “a metamorphosis from quaint thoroughfare to hooligan alleyway – where police had to send in ‘troops’ to quell riots and drunken brawls – and finally to a Greenwich Village-style street with literary, sketch, and yachts-man clubs.” Nickels describes that between the mid-1600’s and the the 1870’s, this area was a quaint, picturesque neighborhood of early-American homes and small gardens. During the 1870’s however, the “respectability” of the area declined in the public eye. The Federal Writers’ Project of the Works Progress Administration wrote in 1937 about how the area “degenerated into one of the meanest and most disreputable streets in the city. Until 1900 it was the scene of brawls by day and crimes by night, requiring at times an entire squad of the city’s police to maintain order” ( Nickels 25).

This trend of violence and crime continued into the 1960’s and 1970’s as the violence became almost exclusively related to conflicts between gay men and lesbian women. At this point in this area’s history, much of the conflict grew out of turf-wars between the men and women of the LGBTQ community. Many acts of violence were committed by “strong looking diesel dykes” against gay men who ended up in the lesbian’s part of the neighborhood (Nickels 25). Not only were men and women of Philly’s LGBTQ community at war with each other, but the local police often attacked lesbian and gay businesses during the 60’s and 70’s in the form of raids. Throughout these years, gays and lesbians were actively persecuted by the police force of Philadelphia, which often resulted in verbal abuse and overnight imprisonment (Skiba).

July 4th, 1967
July 4th, 1967

It is out of this tense time in Philly’s history that Giovanni’s Room was born. In 1973, three gay men – Tom Wilson Weinberg, Dan Sherbo, and Bernie Boyle – opened the second gay bookstore in the country. Largely due to police persecution of gay and lesbians as well as society’s general condemnation of homosexuality, gay and lesbian people were forced to live closeted lives. At this point in history, the Gay Rights Movement in Philly was taking flight, starting with small political demonstrations of a few dozen people in front of Independence Hall. With the work of these few brave people, the city gradually began to change so that gay men could safely gather in public for the New Year’s Day Mummers’ Parade on Broad Street, for example (Nickels 26). Although tensions still ran considerably high around LGBTQ issues during the 50’s and 60’s, enough change was occurring in Philly for the Gayborhood to expand and become less fearfully hidden away from the public eye.

In her article, “Pillar of gay pride Giovanni’s Room…”, Ellen O’Brien states, “And the little bookstore he bought 22 years ago has been a touchstone for gay-rights activists, and a litmus test, of sorts, for the rest of the city.” By establishing an openly gay-lesbian bookstore on South Street, a historically major thoroughfare, founders Weinberg, Sherbo and Boyle certainly made a statement at a time when gay rights activism could use all the help it could get, especially considering how much opposition the activists were facing. Giovanni’s Room’s current owner, Ed Hermance explained that the three founders “wanted to be on a major street, and they wanted a storefront with a plate glass window” (Flynn 36) and O’Brien notes that “From the beginning, everyone who operated Giovanni’s Room had been determined to keep the bookstore out on a busy city street – no back alleys. No embarrassment. No shame. That was part of the purpose of the bookstore.” In this sense, the founders of Giovanni’s Room were certainly bold and fearless leaders in the Gay Rights Movement in Philadelphia; not only did they make their sexuality public, but they also were not afraid to let their business be in the spotlight despite its controversial specialty subjects.

Weinberg, Sherbo, and Boyle clearly made the push for their bookstore to be noticeable, which was successful in helping propel the Gay Rights Movement in their city. Jen Colletta quotes Weinberg saying, “In 1973, it was hard to buy gay books anywhere. There just weren’t many. And the ones that did exist weren’t available in general bookstores… And there really weren’t many alternatives for LGBT people to meet and hang out other than at bars. So we wanted to create a space where we could invite people of all ages together. It had a real coffeehouse atmosphere.” This communal aspect to Giovanni’s Room exemplifies Miller’s statement on the meaning of community in relation to bookstore. She writes, “Community implies social bonds based on affective ties and mutual support in contrast to instrumental social relations directed primarily by the market” (119). It would appear that the founders of Giovanni’s Room were keyed into this idea of community when establishing their bookstore instead of simply a desire to create a new market opportunity. This understanding of their motives further underscores their authentic connection to the LGBTQ community they were serving and supporting.

Not only did Giovanni’s Room serve as an example of boldly asserting one’s sexuality, it also functioned as a resource center and gathering place for people who wanted to contribute to the Movement and help raise awareness of LGBTQ issues. In this sense, Giovanni’s Room was a crucial player in Philly’s Gay Rights Movement because it was one of the few bold voices in the business sphere that asserted its gay pride in such a public manner. Also, during the time, the rise of the chain bookstores had begun, which could have posed a threat to this small, independently owned bookstore. In a culture that was calling for more standardization and rationalization in the book selling business, Giovanni’s Room did not succumb to any of these pressures. It showed no signs of giving up any part of its unique identity as a gay and lesbian bookstore and therefore further affirmed its position as an advocate for a specific movement, as opposed to just another pawn in the capitalist world of book selling (Miller 87-8).

Fast forwarding a few years to the 1980’s, Giovanni’s Room also provided a much-needed gathering place and resource center when the AIDS epidemic flared up in the gay community. Fear gripped the country as people began to hear about the rapid spread of this sexually transmitted disease as well as its prevalence among gay men. This affiliation of HIV/AIDS with homosexuality significantly harmed the Gay Rights Movement by creating new stereotypes and stigmas about gay people and therefore increasing the homophobia of American society. During this challenging time for the gay community, which was made even worse by the large numbers of deaths from AIDS, Giovanni’s Room became as “unofficial clearinghouse” for information and publications on HIV/AIDS (O’Brien). Again, this small bookstore served a crucial role in the gay community of Philadelphia during a traumatic period of history for they gay community. In a country that would barely speak about the reality of AIDS, it would be an understatement to say that the gay people of Philly were thankful for Giovanni’s Room’s continued presence in their neighborhood.

In 2011, the State of Pennsylvania officially recognized Giovanni's Room as an important historical landmark because of its work for the Gay Rights Movement.
In 2011, the State of Pennsylvania officially recognized Giovanni’s Room as an important historical landmark because of its work for the Gay Rights Movement.

Throughout Giovanni’s Room’s forty years of operation, this bookstore has witnessed gradual, yet significant changes in the fight for gay rights and societal tolerance of homosexuality. There is certainly still a long ways to go until equality is reach, and so visibility continues to remain a central part of Giovanni’s Room’s mission in its current location at the corner of 12th and Pine Streets. Not only does it provide a cultural center for the LGBTQ community, but it invites other people to come in and learn about sexual orientation and gender identity as well as tolerance and equality. Perhaps the function of Giovanni’s Room in years to come will be less as a gathering place for LBTTQ people, and more of a place for straight people to ask questions and bridge the gaps in their understandings of sexuality and gender. However, due to the continued opposition that members of the LGBTQ community faces from society, Giovanni’s Room will most likely still be looked to as a steadfast advocate for gay rights and tolerance of differences. As long as Giovanni’s Room remains opened, the bookstore will continue to project a bold and unashamed voice concerning civil rights for the LGBTQ community as well as tolerance of markers of difference in our diverse American society.

 

 

For a visual look at the history of the LGBTQ community and Gay Rights Movement of Philadelphia, please see the timeline below (to view some of the events, you will need to scroll in around the year 1950).

 

 

 

 

Works Cited

Text:

Colletta, Jenn. “Giovanni’s Room honored with historical marker.” Philadelphia Gay News. 2011. Web.  http://www.epgn.com/view/full_story/12478810/article-Giovanni%27s-Room-honored-with-historical-marker

Flynn, Elisabeth. “Philadelphia Story.” Lambda Book Report 12.1 (Aug 2003): 36. Academic Search Complete. Web. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=4e5ad3e1-41fc-4180-82e2-b4339b1056b4%40sessionmgr110&vid=3&hid=126&bdata=#db=a9h&AN=11897297

Miller, Laura. Reluctant Capitalists. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Print.

Nickels, Thom. “Philadelphia Stories.” Gay & Lesbian Review Worldwide 10.5 (Sept/Oct 2003): 25-28. OmniFile Full Text Mega. Web. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=18ac05fc-6391-4efd-94c4-4457e2571a68%40sessionmgr115&vid=1&hid=126&bdata=#db=ofm&AN=509386422

O’Brien, Ellen. “Pillar of gay pride Giovanni’s Room…” The Philadelphia Inquirer. Philly.com. 7 Oct 1998. Web. http://www.lexisnexis.com/lnacui2api/auth/checkbrowser.do?ipcounter=1&cookieState=0&rand=0.31876798269801565&bhcp=1

Skiba, Bob. “Rusty’s: Where Were You in ’62?” The Philadelphia Gayborhood Guru. 29 Apr 2013. Web. http://thegayborhoodguru.wordpress.com/tag/rusty-parisi/

 

Images:

Kaczmarek, J. “Historic Marker. GPTMC. JPEG file. Web. http://press.visitphilly.com/media/3433

“Giovanni’s Room.” Post College Philly. Web. http://postcollegephilly.tumblr.com/

“Protesting in front of Independence Hall.” Web.  http://www.businessinsider.com/gay-rights-marriage-timeline-supreme-court-doma-2013-3?op=1

 

Timeline Images:

“Barbette.” Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barbette03.jpg

“Bartram House.” The Colonial Architecture of Philadelphia. The Project Gutenberg. Web. http://www.gutenberg.org/files/29334/29334-h/29334-h.htm#Page_38

“Giovanni’s Room.” Queerty.com. http://www.queerty.com/worlds-oldest-gay-bookstore-might-be-facing-its-final-chapter-20120102/

Mullins, Sean, “Saturday Gay Rights Protest in Denver.” 17 Nov 2008. Web. http://gonzochasing.blogspot.com/2008/11/saturday-gay-rights-protest-in-denver.html

Paynter, Kimberly. “Ed Hermance.” newsworks.org. 2013. http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-and-culture-everything/item/59384-giovannis-room-owner-puts-groundbreaking-lgbt-bookstore-up-for-sale-in-philly

“Rusty-Police-Raid.” The Gayborhood Guru. http://thegayborhoodguru.wordpress.com/

“Stonewall Rioters.” newqueerontheblockmagazine.com. http://newqueerontheblockmagazine.com/2013/06/02/images-of-stonewall-1969/

Techfun. “Giovanni’s Room Bookstore.” 2 June 2010. flickr. http://www.flickr.com/photos/techfun/4664249433/

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Niche in History: Giovanni’s Room through the Years

Since its conception in 1973, Giovanni’s Room has situated itself firmly within the developing LGBT rights movement as an important cultural space. As its historical marker suggests, with both its mere presence and its actual description, the bookstore has been a refuge for LGBT community members and supporters for upwards of thirty years. Its location in the Gayborhood of Philadelphia has allowed it to grow alongside the movement, as well as shape it through the knowledgeable dissemination of LGBT literature and support.

One may ask which came first: the Gayborhood or Giovanni’s Room? The answer to that question is perhaps neither – the two have feed off of and developed alongside one another since the seventies. Indeed, the bookstore’s website boasts that Giovanni’s Room has been “paralleling the growth of Philadelphia’s ‘out’ community and the expansion of publishing in certain areas” since it was founded. Ed Hermance, owner of Giovanni’s Room, attests this parallel to luck, saying that they just happened to start up at the same time that gay and lesbian publishing began to increase (Flynn). His store has been part of the enormous shift in attitudes that Philadelphia, and indeed the nation, have experienced since the seventies in terms of the LGBT rights movement and the public opinions held about members of that community.

Hermance talks of a time early on in the history of Giovanni’s Room when the store and its owners experienced a great deal of ridicule and abuse. Even in Philadelphia, which Hermance describes as a “fairly relaxed, live-and-let-live city,” the attitude towards the LGBT community was still starkly different in the seventies than it is today. He weaves tales of people breaking in through windows during the night, yelling “faggot” and “queer” as they sped by in their cars, and throwing bricks through their windows (Schechner and Flynn). The bookstore was forced to move around multiple times in search of a place that they could afford that was willing to rent space to a gay and lesbian bookstore. They did not settle into the current location on the corner of 12th and Pine until 1979, six years after their business was started (Flynn). They moved from their first location on South Street to Spruce Street after just a few years, and were not well-received on Spruce Street. Hermance recounts how the landlords of their space on Spruce Street refused to even come into the bookstore, and instead would yell things at them from the hallways (Flynn). According to Hermance, they have not had this kind of disturbance for ten years now as a result of a major change in attitudes towards the LGBT community.


 232 South Street, the original location of Giovanni’s Room.   View Larger Map

Luckily, however, the close connection that Giovanni’s Room had with its community (both the immediate community surrounding the store as well as a LGBT community members in general who supported the bookstore) aided in helping them eventually find a comfortable fit in their current location back in 1979. Thanks to a “long history of customer support,” Giovanni’s Room was able to raise money to be able to pay for the expensive space on 12th and Pine, the only place they could find that would willingly accommodate their presence (Schechner). They saw this customer support again when the store needed to replace a wall recently. Hermance reported that as of October of 2011, $47,000 had already been raised to pay off the $50,000 dollar wall repair on the building (Schechner).


Before settiling on the cozy corner of 12th and Pine, Giovanni’s Room had to move around the city a few times to find a home and willing (and respectful) landlords. View Giovanni’s Room – Locations in a larger map

The loyalty of the community is undoubtedly the result of the importance of Giovanni’s Room as the LGBT movement started to gain more and more followers back in the seventies and eighties. After finding a suitable location in the Gayborhood in 1979, Giovanni’s Room found itself at the heart of LGBT pride celebrations that would become some of the biggest in the nation, like OutFest and PrideDay.

Outfest in Philadelphia, structured like a block party, is an event intended to bring the LGBT community together and provide support.

According to Philly Pride, OutFest occurs every October in conjunction with National Coming Out Day (NCOD). It’s a celebration unique to Philadelphia, and happens in the Gayborhood. The idea for OutFest was inspired by the second march on Washington on October 11, 1987, and in 1990 Philadelphia became one of the first cities to organize an event for NCOD (Philly Pride). Since then, OutFest has become the largest NCOD even in the world, and is a huge community event. Many local businesses in the Gayborhood get involved, like Giovanni’s Room, and attendees are treated to a giant flea market, carnival attractions, entertainment, and plenty of community bonding. The purpose of the event, as described by Philly Pride, is “the advancement of LGBT rights through the visibility and awareness that our parades and festivals create,” and to reach out to the LGBT community at large to provide support. Today, this event attracts nearly 40,00 people every October. Giovanni’s Room, both because of its mission and its location, has been an important participant in OutFest since it began. It was during the 2011 OutFest that Ed Hermance unveiled the historical marker outside of Giovanni’s Room.

The historical marker, hidden under a rainbow flag, is unveiled during OutFest 2011.

Ed Hermance reveals a wall display that the community helped to fund during OutFest 2011.

Other pride events like the PrideDay parade in June also happen in the Gayborhood. PrideDay was first an impromptu event at the end of the eighties, and eventually became the largest pride parade in the region (Philly Pride). It now attracts close to 25,000 people every year. So many of these events in Philadelphia started in the eighties or nineties, right around the time that Giovanni’s Room found its home at 12th and Pine, right in the heart of the Gayborhood. This allowed the bookstore to firmly establish itself as a part of the pride events and LGBT rights movement, making it not just a gay and lesbian bookstore, but an important actor in the social movement, as well as a haven for the gay and lesbian community and the allies.

Philly PrideDay parade, 2012. Photo Credit: Freedom G Photography

In the last 5 or 6 years, however, the number of niche bookstores like Giovanni’s Room, stores with a specific focus, has been dwindling fast. Booksellers who previously owned niche bookstores have either been closing or shifting their focus to make it more general, thereby appealing to a larger number of people and making a larger profit (Kirch and Rosen). Kirch and Rosen provide the example of a women’s bookstore owned by Sandra Torkildsen, who claimed that to be able to survive she had to become a general bookstore, though her store “will always specialize in feminist and GLBT titles’ (Kirch and Rosen). Another bookstore in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware chose not to generalize their titles, but instead to broaden the types of products they carry, adding “gifts, cards, music, videos, and Human Rights campaign products to the inventory” (Kirch and Rosen). And, in September of 2013, Ed Hermance announced that he intends to sell Giovanni’s Room as well. Hermance hopes to find a successor who will “carry on the store’s legacy business,” but there is nothing definite yet (Timpane).

The disappearance of niche bookstores like Giovanni’s Room is particularly problematic in terms of a bookseller’s place within the political system. Being a gay and lesbian bookstore during a time of a drastic shift in attitudes about LGBT rights, both governmentally and socially, this particular bookstore has definitely had an important political role, which is what led to it being recognized as a historical landmark. Had Giovanni’s Room been just a general bookstore, it would not have been able to have had such a role in the making of history, simply because its mission would not have been as relevant to the social movement. Archibald MacLeish comments on the power of the bookseller in A Free Man’s Books, stressing the importance of a knowledgeable seller at the helm to disseminate important information through books. He talks about how books can be really politically important, and since he is commenting around the time of the second World War, says that had certain books been more popular on the market, they “would have given the people of the country some understanding of the dangers they faced” (MacLeish 10). He credits the book-trade with a certain responsibility to help form public opinion, and puts the onus on the bookseller in particular to know “his books and his customers” in order to be persuasive (MacLeish 14).

Nazi Germany saw a lot of book burning as a way to control the masses and limit their ability to think, illustrating MacLeish’s point about the power of the book and the necessity of the bookseller to distribute important information to the population.

It is for this reason that niche bookstores like Giovanni’s Room are so important. Giovanni’s Room specifically is comprised of a very knowledgeable staff who are able to tailor their titles and recommendations to the customer and the focus community in order to provide support and guidance that is truly significant. The official website of Giovanni’s Room has a long description of how their store is different from general superstores that have LGBT sections, saying that those big bookstores are full of impersonal titles and staff that are not well-versed in the subject. Laura Miller, too, discusses the importance of the bookseller, outlining their descent from “mind doctors” in the early part of the twentieth century to removed sales clerks in today’s day and age. She notes that booksellers used to be taken more seriously when they “became a guiding force in their customer’s reading habits,” a similar sentiment to MacLeish’s about the responsibility of the book-trade (Miller 57). In the past 40 years that Giovanni’s Room has been in business, Ed Hermance has accepted his responsibility as a bookseller to influence public opinion (he has even acted as the mayor’s liaison to the LGBT community, according to Schechner), and has exhibited a profound dedication to the mission of his niche bookstore. Giovanni’s Room has been an important part of the history of the LGBT rights movement, and only time (and a buyer with the same dedication as Hermance) will tell if its influence will continue, or if it will dissolve into the homogeneity of the generalized bookstores of America.

 

Text

“Exploring Gay Philadelphia.” Visitphilly.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2013

Flynn, Elisabeth. “Philadelphia Story.” Lambda Book Report 12.1/2 (2003): 36.Academic Search Complete. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.

Kirch, Claire, and Judith Rosen. “Looking for Riches in Niches.”PublishersWeekly.com. Publisher’s Weekly, 6 Feb. 2012. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

Miller, Laura J. Reluctant Capitalists: Bookselling and the Culture of Consumption. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006.

“Philly Pride | Philadelphia’s Official PrideDay Parade and Festival,.” Philly Pride | Philadelphia’s Official PrideDay Parade and Festival,. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

Schechner, Karen. “Giovanni’s Room Honored with Historical Marker.”Bookweb.org. American Bookseller’s Association, 20 Oct. 2011. Web. 27 Sept. 2013.

Timpane, John. “LGBT Bookstore Giovanni’s Room Being Sold.” Philly.com. N.p., 7 Sept. 2013. Web. 30 Sept. 2013.

 

Images

Inside view of store (timeline): James Scarpella. http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/giovannis-room-philly.jpg

OutFest: http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/outfest-comp-2-680uw.jpeg

PrideDay Parade: Freedom G Photography. http://www.phillesbian.com/2013/05/30/philly-pride-gears-celebrate-25th-anniversary/

Book burning: The History Notes. http://the-history-notes.blogspot.com/2011/06/time-of-book-burning-nazis-burning-of.html

South Street (timeline): http://southstreet.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Screen-Shot-2012-10-24-at-9.17.14-PM2.jpg

Giovanni’s Room (timeline): https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQbM9TO8gO47UtJSxXoGpZfLBvj-7wPGdf2xV3UHyKHHbO-vuke

Checkout counter (timelines): http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/giovannis_room_comp.jpg

Flag (timeline): http://images.wikia.com/rsplayers/images/6/6d/Rainbow_flag_and_blue_skies.jpg

Counter and books (timeline): http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/giovannis-room-philly.jpg

Historical marker (timeline): http://cdn.lgbtqnation.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Giovannis-Room-historical-marker-350×389.jpg

Hermance hugging customers (timeline): http://media.philly.com/images/600*450/20130906_inq_giovanni06z-a.JPG

Unveiling of marker: http://matchbin-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/public/sites/357/assets/8T4J_01G_Room_HistMarker.jpg

 

Street View from Google Maps

 

Video

Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrdGMBy3y84

 

Being a Good Neighbor

Nowadays, you can go to Philadelphia’s center city and find a thriving “Gayborhood.”  It has become a tourist hub, serving those who are just passing through as much as those who live nearby.  The city’s tourism bureau even hosts “Miss Richfield 1981’s Selfie Tour of the Town,” where a flamboyant drag queen leads visitors through Philadelphia’s many distinguished sights. Many places such as U Bar have a window, meaning that gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender people feel free to see and be seen.


U Bar

Rusty’s lesbian bar

But this was far from true for the majority of the area’s history.  According to Thom Nickels, Philadelphia’s gay and lesbian nightlife has centered on the area around Spruce Street since the 1950s and ‘60s.  Nickels reminisces that he came to the city as a journalism student aware of his homosexuality but afraid of reaching out.  Even though there were “more gay clubs in [1960s] Philadelphia than there [were] in 2003,” it was a wild and dangerous times for gays and lesbians all over the country. On one battle front, homosexuals across the nation were protesting for recognition and rights.  They sometimes clashed with police, most famously in the Stonewall riots of 1969.  But even in quiet, historical Philadelphia, tensions flamed. On March 8, 1968, lesbian bar Rusty’s was one of many Philadelphia clubs to experience a police raid.  A response involving a local chapter of the “Daughters of Bilitis” resulted in the police issuing a statement of equal treatment between homosexuals and heterosexuals (Skiba).  Nevertheless, this could not be trusted.  Rusty’s operated like a speakeasy, requiring patrons to peer through a peephole in order to be admitted (Nickels).  The Spruce Street neighborhood was one where gays and lesbians could come to express themselves, but even there they could not be guaranteed safety.

Additional battles came in the form of danger from the homosexual community itself.  Nickels describes 13th Street in the 1970s as “a tawdry after-hours promenade, an X-rated avenue for the pent-up and randy.”  Porn shows were prevalent, and hustlers were a particular problem.  They “cruised” the neighborhood, propositioning the overtly gay and those who were of undetermined sexual orientation.  Even homosexuality itself was not a safeguard; the area around Spruce Street was often a source of conflict between gay men and lesbian women, since it was considered “lesbian turf.”

Notable streets and buildings in gay Philadelphia history


It was into this atmosphere of secrecy, judgment, and intermittent violence that Giovanni’s Room entered in 1973.  Tom Wilson Weinberg, Dan Sherbo, and Bernie Boyle took advantage of the political awareness resulting from the Stonewall riots to do something that was almost unheard of.  They opened what was only the second gay and lesbian bookshop in the country – the first being Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop in New York.  According to current owner Ed Hermance, the men did it for themselves and their friends, to bring their needs into the light.  Unlike Rusty’s, Giovanni’s Room had no shame, no secrecy, no embarrassment.  Hermance says, “they wanted to be on a major street, and they wanted a storefront window” (qtd. in Flynn).  This bookstore was the first step toward accomplishing what the Gayborhood is today: a place to see and be seen.   It was also a labor of love, not money.  When it opened, Giovanni’s Room carried less than 100 books in stock.  Each month the owners drove to New York to meet up with the owner of the Oscar Wilde Bookstore, then drive the books back to Philadelphia.

When Hermance bought the store in 1976, along with local artist Arleen Olsham, they moved to a new location on Spruce Street.  Unfortunately, the landlord wanted nothing to do with a store for gays and lesbians, and would “just stand in the hallway and yell at us” says Hermance.  So it was time to test the dedication of the community.  And they met the challenge, proving that Giovanni’s Room was something they wanted in the neighborhood.  Hermance and Olsham borrowed enough money from customers to buy their own building at 345 South 12th Street, where they remain today.  More than 100 volunteers came to help renovate the run-down structure.  They would aid the bookstore again through fundraisers and donations in 2009 when repairs costing around $50,000 were needed for a brick wall.

Giovanni’s Room returned the favor in the 1980s when the AIDS epidemic spread across America.  Hermance says that he felt numb for years going to funeral after funeral.  And making the situation even worse was disorganization and infighting among both the government and LGBT groups.  No one was getting out crucial information about the transmission and treatment of AIDS.  So Giovanni’s Room stepped in.  It published a bibliography of books, studies, and news articles about the disease, becoming a necessary source of information in a scary time.  A nearby public clinic sent many patients to the store for information (O’Brien).  Like a good neighbor helping out during an emergency, the bookstore recognized a dire need in the community and fulfilled it.

In 2011 the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission awarded a plaque to Giovanni’s Room that proclaims it a “refuge and cultural center.”  And that it has been for nearly 40 years.  As a node in a network of communities, the store provides a place where people who might never meet anywhere else can meet and share ideas.  For many years, being gay was something to hide.  It meant going to a rough neighborhood and facing sexual predators, police, and the possibility of infectious diseases.  But Giovanni’s Room wanted to stand for something different.  By putting itself in plain view, Giovanni’s Room declared that homosexuality was something worthy of attention and discussion.  “To own books has ever been the ambition of all cultivated gentlemen,” states Lee M. Friedman (180), and it is true that books carry a sort of moral benevolence.  In giving not only this neighborhood but the world at large a place to find literature that catered to gay and lesbian interests, the bookstore affirmed that homosexuals could also be intellectuals, good members of society.  The first Jewish bookseller, Benjamin Gomez, did something similar when he opened his shop in 1791.  He did not restrict himself to selling stereotypically “Jewish books” but also sold literature from nearly every genre available at the time (Friedman 188).  Gomez’s shop created a space that connected far-flung networks of people – such as Christians and Jews, Russian and Sephardic Jews – in an environment where they felt comfortable.  Giovanni’s Room led the movement that would eventually see the Gayborhood becoming a tourist destination for both homosexuals and heterosexuals.  Their website claims that “crossing the threshold has had an extraordinary symbolic significance for hundreds, perhaps thousands, of people coming out” so staff make sure to be knowledgeable and friendly.  That friendliness and connection shows in the tradition of a kiss that flows in direct succession from Walt Whitman to founder Bernie Boyle to the current staff members.  Visitors are encouraged to continue the line, whether they are locals or only in town for a short while.  Going even further, Hermance began buying and selling international literature in 1990, increasing the number of communities connected through one bookstore in a way that no one else had before.

The addition of books and magazines from other countries only augmented a boom in lesbian and gay publishing during the last 25 years.  Hermance claims that these days, “we have to resist the temptation to become a library” (qtd. in Flynn) despite the fact that the store carries around 7,000 titles on its shelves.  Diversity is not everything, as Jack Perry notes in his essay “Bookstores, Communist and Capitalist.”  Perry mourns the loss of “the individual, the eccentric, the out-of-the-way” from our world of books despite the rise of massive superstores (111).  Giovanni’s Room cannot help but have an individual taste that suits its customers.  Whether it offers AIDS information in the 1980s or today’s tourist pamphlets and advice on coming out, this bookstore runs on the need of its customers.  It is more than a commercial center, as shown by three men who were willing to drive more than three hours each way to bring gay and lesbian literature to their community, and the response of neighbors in 1976 and 2009 who supported Giovanni’s Room with money and labor.  It has more than diversity for diversity’s sake: a desire to bring something for everyone to “a big window” no matter how much some people might want it to remain hidden.

Sources  

Map and street view embedded from Google.

Links 

Center for Disease Control, “HIV and AIDS -United States, 1981-2000.” <http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5021a2.htm>

Gallo, Marsha M. Gerber/Hart Library, “Winds of Change: The Daughters of Bilitus and Lesbian Organizing.” <http://www.gerberhart.org/dob.html>

Giovanni’s Room, “Giovanni’s Room: An Introduction.” <http://www.giovannisroom.com/newsletter>

Jenkins, Kristina.  Visit Philly, “Check Out Miss Richfield 1981’s Selfie Tour of the Town on Visit Philly and Enter to Win a Fabulous Weekend Stay in Philadelphia.” http://www.uwishunu.com/2013/08/check-out-miss-richfield-1981s-selfie-tour-of-the-town-on-visit-philly-and-enter-to-win-a-fabulous-weekend-stay-in-philadelphia

The Leadership Conference, “Stonewall Riots: The Beginning of the LGBT Movement.” <http://www.civilrights.org/archives/2009/06/449-stonewall.html>

Photos and Illustrations

Network diagram, <http://brettworks.com/2011/12/13/on-the-nature-of-blogs/>

Rusty’s lesbian bar, <http://thegayborhoodguru.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/walnut-1116-star-lite-1958.jpg>

Shaking Hands, <http://finefrugality.wordpress.com/2012/06/28/happy-handshake-day/>

Time Magazine Cover, <http://swisely.wordpress.com/2008/10/13/a-modern-tragedy-how-aids-became-a-pandemic/>

Images in the timeline

Blue Ridge Parkway Foundation, “Closed Sign.” <http://archive.constantcontact.com/fs162/1102486612779/archive/1111328797571.html>

CBS local, “Guide to Philadelphia’s Gayborhood.” <http://philadelphia.cbslocal.com/guide/guide-to-philadelphias-gayborhood/>

Drake, Scott A. Philadelphia Gay News, “Giovanni’s Room kicks up fundraising efforts.” <http://epgn.com/view/full_story/3899905/article-Giovanni-s-Room-kicks-up-fundraising-efforts>

Falafel, Al. Dick Mac (alive!), “Business Owner of the Year -Ed Hermance/Giovanni’s Room.”<http://dickmacalive.blogspot.com/2010/07/business-owner-of-year-ed-hermance.html>

Kaczmarek, J. GPTMC, “Historic Marker.”<http://press.visitphilly.com/media/3433>

Paynter, Kimberly.  WHYY, “Giovanni’s Room owner puts groundbreaking LGBT bookstore up for sale in Philly.” <http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-and-culture-everything/item/59384-giovannis-room-owner-puts-groundbreaking-lgbt-bookstore-up-for-sale-in-philly>

Skiba, Bob. The Gayborhood Guru, “Enter Rusty’s.” <http://thegayborhoodguru.wordpress.com/tag/rusty-parisi/>

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Text

Flynn, Elizabeth. “Philadelphia Story.” Lambda Book Report 12.1/2 (Aug/Sept 2003): 36. Print.

Friedman, Lee M. “America’s First Jewish Bookseller,” in Jewish Pioneers and Patriots. Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society of America, 1945. Print.

Nickels, Thom. “Philadelphia Stories.” Gay and Lesbian Review 10.5 (Sept/Oct 2003): 25-28. Print.

O’Brien, Ellen. “Pillar of Gay Pride Giovanni’s Room, One of the Country’s First Gay Bookstores, Is Marking Its 25th Anniversary.” Philadelphia Inquirer 7 Oct. 1998: E01. Print.

Perry, Jack. “Bookstores, Communist and Capitalist.” Bibliophilia 2001: 107-111. Print.

Skiba, Bob. “Rusty’s: Where Were You in ’62?” Gayborhood Guru. N.p., 29 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 Sept. 2013. <http://thegayborhoodguru.wordpress.com/tag/rusty-parisi/>